Find the equations of the line passing through the point P(–1, 3, –2) and perpendicular to the lines
straight x over 1 space equals space straight y over straight z space equals space straight z over 3 space space and space fraction numerator straight x plus 2 over denominator negative 3 end fraction space equals space fraction numerator straight y minus 1 over denominator 2 end fraction space equals space fraction numerator straight z plus 1 over denominator 5 end fraction

The equations of given lines are
                  straight x over 1 space equals space straight y over 2 space equals space straight z over 3                                        ...(1)

and          fraction numerator straight x plus 2 over denominator negative 3 end fraction space equals space fraction numerator straight y minus 1 over denominator 2 end fraction space equals space fraction numerator straight z plus 1 over denominator 5 end fraction                       ...(2)

Any line through P (– 1, 3, –2) is
fraction numerator straight x plus 1 over denominator straight l end fraction space equals space fraction numerator straight y minus 3 over denominator straight m end fraction space equals space fraction numerator straight z plus 2 over denominator straight n end fraction                                        ...(3)
where l, m, n are direction ratios of the line     
Since (3) is perpendicular to (1) and (2)
∴ l + 2 m + 3 n = 0    ...(4)
and – 3 l + 2 m + 5 n = 0    ...(5)
Solving (4) and (5), we get,
          space fraction numerator l over denominator 10 minus 6 end fraction equals space fraction numerator straight m over denominator negative 9 minus 5 end fraction equals fraction numerator straight n over denominator 2 plus 6 end fraction

therefore space space space space space straight l over 4 space equals space fraction numerator straight m over denominator negative 14 end fraction space equals space straight m over 8
rightwards double arrow space space space space space straight l over 2 space equals space fraction numerator straight m over denominator negative 7 end fraction space equals space straight n over 4
∴ from (3), the equations of line are
fraction numerator straight x plus 1 over denominator 2 end fraction space space equals space fraction numerator straight y minus 3 over denominator negative 7 end fraction space equals space fraction numerator straight z plus 2 over denominator 4 end fraction.

105 Views

Advertisement

Show that the lines x = ay + b, z = cy + d and x = a' y + b' , z = c' y + d' are perpendicular to each other, if aa' + cc' + 1 = 0.


The equations of the lines are
                        x = ay + b,    z = cy + d
and                  straight x space equals space straight a apostrophe straight y space plus space straight b apostrophe comma space space straight z space equals space straight c apostrophe straight y space plus space straight d apostrophe
or                  fraction numerator straight x minus straight b over denominator straight a end fraction space equals space straight y over 1 space equals space fraction numerator straight z minus straight d over denominator straight c end fraction
and            fraction numerator straight x minus straight b apostrophe over denominator straight a apostrophe end fraction space equals space straight y over 1 space equals space fraction numerator straight z minus straight d apostrophe over denominator straight c apostrophe end fraction
∴    direction ratios of two lines are a, 1, c and a', 1, c'.
The two lines are perpendicular if
(a) (a') + (1) (1) + (c) (c') = 0    [∵ a1 a2 + b1 b2 + c1 c2 = 0]
i.e. if aa' + cc' + 1 = 0
331 Views

Advertisement
Find the value of p so that the lines
fraction numerator 1 minus straight x over denominator 3 end fraction space equals space fraction numerator 7 straight y minus 14 over denominator 2 space straight p end fraction space equals space fraction numerator straight z minus 3 over denominator 2 end fraction space space and space space fraction numerator 7 minus 7 straight z over denominator 3 space straight p end fraction space equals space fraction numerator straight y minus 5 over denominator 1 end fraction space equals space fraction numerator 6 minus straight z over denominator 5 end fraction

The equations of two lines are
                           fraction numerator 1 minus straight x over denominator 3 end fraction space equals space fraction numerator 7 straight y minus 14 over denominator 2 space straight p end fraction space equals fraction numerator straight z minus 3 over denominator 2 end fraction space space and space space fraction numerator 7 minus 7 straight x over denominator 3 space straight p end fraction space equals fraction numerator straight y minus 5 over denominator 1 end fraction space equals space fraction numerator 6 minus straight z over denominator 5 end fraction

or                        fraction numerator straight x minus 1 over denominator negative 3 end fraction space equals space fraction numerator straight y minus 2 over denominator begin display style fraction numerator 2 straight p over denominator 7 end fraction end style end fraction space equals space fraction numerator straight z minus 3 over denominator 2 end fraction space space and space space fraction numerator straight x minus 1 over denominator negative begin display style fraction numerator 3 straight p over denominator 7 end fraction end style end fraction space equals space fraction numerator straight y minus 5 over denominator 1 end fraction space equals space fraction numerator straight z minus 6 over denominator negative 5 end fraction
Direction ratios of two lines are
negative 3 comma space space fraction numerator 2 straight p over denominator 7 end fraction comma space 2 space space and space minus fraction numerator 3 straight p over denominator 7 end fraction comma space 1 comma space minus 5

∵   lines are at right angle
therefore         open parentheses negative 3 close parentheses space open parentheses negative fraction numerator 3 space straight p over denominator 7 end fraction close parentheses space plus space open parentheses fraction numerator 2 space straight p over denominator 7 end fraction close parentheses space left parenthesis 1 right parenthesis space plus space left parenthesis 2 right parenthesis thin space left parenthesis negative 5 right parenthesis space equals space 0

therefore space space space space fraction numerator 9 space straight p over denominator 7 end fraction space plus space fraction numerator 2 space straight p over denominator 7 end fraction minus 10 space equals space 0 space space space space space space space space space rightwards double arrow space space space space fraction numerator 11 space straight p over denominator 7 end fraction space equals space 10
therefore space space space space space space space space space straight p space equals space 70 over 11
80 Views

If the straight lines having direction cosines given by al + bm + cn = 0 and fmn + gnI + hIm = 0 are perpendicular, then show that straight f over straight a plus straight g over straight b plus straight h over straight c space equals space 0

Given that a I + b m + c n = 0,
i.e.                     straight n space equals fraction numerator negative left parenthesis al plus bm right parenthesis over denominator straight c end fraction                           ...(1)
Also,      straight f space straight m space straight n plus straight g space straight n space straight l plus straight h space straight l space straight m space equals space 0                           ...(2)
Substituting value of n from (1) in (2), we get
              fm open square brackets fraction numerator negative left parenthesis al plus bm right parenthesis over denominator straight c end fraction close square brackets space plus space straight g space straight l space open square brackets fraction numerator negative left parenthesis al space plus space bm right parenthesis over denominator straight c end fraction close square brackets space plus space straight h space straight l space straight m space equals space 0
or          straight a space straight f space straight m space straight l space plus straight b space straight f space straight m squared space plus space straight a space straight g space straight l squared space plus space straight b space straight g space straight l space straight m space minus space straight h space straight c space straight l space straight m space equals space 0
On dividing both sides by m2, we have
     straight a space straight g space open parentheses straight l over straight m close parentheses squared plus straight l over straight m left parenthesis straight a space straight f space plus space straight b space straight g space minus space straight c space straight h right parenthesis space plus space straight b space straight f space equals space 0
If l1, m1, n1 and l2, m2 , nare the direction cosines of the two lines, then the roots of the equation (3) as straight l subscript 1 over straight m subscript 1 space and space straight l subscript 2 over straight m subscript 2 space space give

fraction numerator straight l subscript 1 space straight l subscript 2 over denominator straight m subscript 1 space straight m subscript 2 end fraction space equals space fraction numerator straight b space straight f over denominator straight a space straight g end fraction space space space straight i. straight e. comma space space space space fraction numerator straight l subscript 1 space straight l subscript 2 over denominator begin display style straight f over straight a end style end fraction space equals space fraction numerator straight m subscript 1 space straight m subscript 2 over denominator begin display style straight g over straight b end style end fraction                                   ...(4)
Similarly, using (1) and (2) and by elimination of 1, we get
fraction numerator straight m subscript 1 space straight m subscript 2 over denominator begin display style straight g over straight b end style end fraction space equals space fraction numerator straight n subscript 1 space straight n subscript 2 over denominator begin display style straight h over straight c end style end fraction                                                           ...(5)
Combining (4) and (5), we have
                       fraction numerator straight l subscript 1 straight l subscript 2 over denominator begin display style straight f over straight a end style end fraction space equals space fraction numerator straight m subscript 1 space straight m subscript 2 over denominator begin display style straight g over straight b end style end fraction space equals space fraction numerator straight n subscript 1 space straight n subscript 2 over denominator begin display style straight h over straight c end style end fraction space equals space straight k space left parenthesis say right parenthesis

therefore space space space space straight l subscript 1 space straight l subscript 2 space equals space fraction numerator straight k space straight f over denominator straight a end fraction comma space space space space space straight m subscript 1 space straight m subscript 2 space equals space straight k space fraction numerator straight k space straight g over denominator straight b end fraction comma space space straight n subscript 1 straight n subscript 2 space equals space fraction numerator straight k space straight h over denominator straight c end fraction                 ...(6)
We know that the lines with direction cosines l1, m1, n1 and l2, m2, n2 are perpendicular if
l1 l2 + m1m2 + n1n= 0    ....(7)
From (6) and (7), we get,
straight k open parentheses straight f over straight a close parentheses plus straight k open parentheses straight g over straight b close parentheses space plus space straight k space open parentheses straight h over straight c close parentheses space equals space 0 space space space space or space space space space straight f over straight a plus straight g over straight b plus straight h over straight c space equals space 0
130 Views

Show that, if the axes are rectangular, then the equations of the line through (α, β, γ) right angles to the lines
straight x over straight l subscript 1 space equals space straight y over straight m subscript 1 space equals space straight z over straight n subscript 1 comma space space straight x over straight l subscript 2 space equals space straight y over straight m subscript 2 space equals space straight z over straight n subscript 2
are fraction numerator straight x minus straight alpha over denominator straight m subscript 1 space straight n subscript 2 minus straight m subscript 2 straight n subscript 1 end fraction space equals space fraction numerator straight y minus straight beta over denominator straight n subscript 1 straight l subscript 2 minus straight n subscript 2 straight l subscript 1 end fraction space equals fraction numerator straight z minus straight gamma over denominator straight l subscript 1 straight m subscript 2 minus straight l subscript 2 straight m subscript 1 end fraction.

The equations of given lines are
                      straight x over straight l subscript 1 space equals space straight y over straight m subscript 1 space equals space straight z over straight n subscript 1                                      ...(1)
and           straight x over straight l subscript 2 space equals space straight y over straight m subscript 2 space equals space straight z over straight n subscript 2                                           ...(2)
Any line through  (α, β, γ) is
fraction numerator straight x minus straight alpha over denominator straight l end fraction space equals space fraction numerator straight y minus straight beta over denominator straight m end fraction equals fraction numerator straight z minus straight gamma over denominator straight n end fraction
where l, m, n are direction-ratios of the line
Since (3) is perpendicular to (1)
∴ l l1 + m m1 + n n1 = 0    ....(4)
Since (3) is perpendicular to (2)
∴ I l2 + m m2 + n n2 = 0
Solving (4) and (5), we get,
fraction numerator straight l over denominator straight m subscript 1 straight n subscript 2 space minus space straight m subscript 2 straight n subscript 1 end fraction space equals space fraction numerator straight m over denominator straight n subscript 1 straight l subscript 2 minus straight n subscript 2 straight l subscript 1 end fraction space equals space fraction numerator straight n over denominator straight l subscript 1 straight m subscript 2 minus straight l subscript 2 straight m subscript 1 end fraction
∴   from (3), the equations of line are
fraction numerator straight x minus straight alpha over denominator straight m subscript 1 straight n subscript 2 minus straight m subscript 2 straight n subscript 1 end fraction space equals space fraction numerator straight y minus straight beta over denominator straight n subscript 1 straight l subscript 2 minus straight n subscript 2 straight l subscript 1 end fraction space equals space fraction numerator straight z minus straight gamma over denominator straight l subscript 1 straight m subscript 2 minus straight l subscript 2 straight m subscript 1 end fraction

82 Views

Advertisement